Cannabis, like many organic products, changes over time, leading to questions about whether it goes bad and what happens as it ages. While cannabis doesn’t spoil like perishable food, its quality and potency can degrade, especially when not stored properly. Understanding the changes cannabis undergoes as it ages can help you manage your storage and consumption better.

How Cannabis Ages

Potency and Cannabinoid Conversion: Over time, the cannabinoids in cannabis, particularly THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), begin to degrade. One significant transformation involves THC converting into CBN (cannabinol), a cannabinoid known for its mild psychoactive effects and potential therapeutic benefits. This process is accelerated by exposure to light, heat, and oxygen.

• THC Degradation: Research indicates that cannabis loses about 16% of its THC after one year, 26% after two years, 34% after three years, and 41% after four years​. As THC degrades, its psychoactive potency diminishes, leading to a less intense high.

• Formation of CBN: As THC breaks down, it forms CBN, which is about 10% as psychoactive as THC. Although it produces a milder high, CBN is noted for its sedative properties and potential medicinal benefits, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects.

Changes in Terpenes: Terpenes, the aromatic compounds responsible for cannabis's unique smell and flavor, can also degrade over time. This degradation can alter the aroma and taste of the cannabis, often leading to a less pleasant experience. Fresh cannabis typically has a robust smell and flavor, while aged cannabis may smell stale or lack the vibrant scents associated with fresh buds​.

Effects of Aging on Cannabis

Physical Changes: Aged cannabis can become dry and brittle if not stored properly. This can affect the texture and make it harsher to smoke. Proper storage in airtight containers, away from light and excessive heat, can help maintain the freshness and potency of cannabis for a longer period.

Is It Safe to Consume Aged Cannabis?

Generally, consuming aged cannabis is safe, although it may not be as potent or enjoyable as fresh cannabis. However, it is crucial to inspect the cannabis for signs of mold or mildew, which can develop if it has been exposed to moisture. Moldy cannabis should not be consumed as it can pose health risks.

How to Store Cannabis to Maintain Freshness

To keep cannabis fresh and potent for as long as possible, follow these storage tips:

• Use Airtight Containers: Glass jars with airtight seals are ideal for storing cannabis. They protect against air and moisture, which can degrade cannabinoids and terpenes.

• Store in a Cool, Dark Place: Light and heat accelerate the degradation of cannabinoids and terpenes. Store your cannabis in a cool, dark place to maintain its quality.

• Avoid Humidity: Excess moisture can lead to mold growth. Use humidity packs to regulate the moisture levels inside storage containers. The ideal humidity level to maintain is between 55% and 62% relative humidity (RH). This range helps to preserve the cannabinoids and terpenes, prevent mold growth, and keep the cannabis from becoming too dry or brittle.

Conclusion

While cannabis does not expire in the same way that food does, its potency and flavor can degrade over time. THC converts to CBN, reducing the psychoactive effects but potentially offering other therapeutic benefits. Proper storage is key to preserving the quality of cannabis, ensuring it remains as enjoyable and effective as possible for longer periods. Understanding these changes can help consumers make the most of their cannabis experience.